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Phase 2

Prioritization Frameworks (RICE, MoSCoW, Kano, Impact/Effort)

A product team’s backlog is always bigger than its capacity. The real challenge isn’t generating ideas — it’s knowing what to prioritize. That’s where prioritization frameworks come in. These structured approaches provide clarity, reduce bias, and help teams make decisions that balance customer value, effort, and strategy. In this module, we’ll explore four of the most widely used frameworks — RICE, MoSCoW, Kano, and the Impact/Effort Matrix — and examine how each supports better decision-making.

1. RICE Scoring Model

Created by Intercom, the RICE model quantifies priorities using a simple formula: RICE Score = (Reach × Impact × Confidence) ÷ Effort.

Benefits: Helps minimize bias, creates defensible decisions, balances value vs. cost.

Best For: Comparing many competing ideas across a backlog.

Pitfall: Heavily reliant on estimation accuracy.

2. MoSCoW Prioritization

This method groups requirements into categories: Must-have, Should-have, Could-have, and Won’t-have (this time).

Benefits: Simple, easy for cross-functional teams, sets clear expectations.

Best For: Release planning or time-boxed projects.

Pitfall: Can be subjective without a consistent scoring system.

3. Kano Model

Dr. Noriaki Kano’s framework focuses on customer satisfaction vs. feature implementation, categorizing features into Basic, Performance, and Delighters.

Benefits: Emphasizes the emotional impact of features on customers.

Best For: Understanding customer perception and prioritizing innovation.

Pitfall: Requires research (surveys, interviews) to categorize features accurately.

4. Impact/Effort Matrix

A simple visual grid that plots initiatives on two axes: Impact vs. Effort, identifying Quick Wins, Big Bets, Fill-Ins, and Money Pits.

Benefits: Intuitive, fast, visual, and great for workshops.

Best For: Cleaning up bloated backlogs and creating team alignment.

Pitfall: Can oversimplify complex initiatives.

Resources

RICE Framework

ProductPlan

RICE Scoring Model

Open Resource
Microsoft

Understanding the RICE Model and its framework

Open Resource
How to Use the RICE Framework for Better Prioritization

What is the RICE Framework?

Open Resource

MoSCoW Prioritization

ProductPlan

MoSCoW Prioritization

Open Resource
Agile Business Consortium

MoSCoW Prioritisation

Open Resource
monday.com

What is MosCow prioritization? Everything you need to know

Open Resource

Kano Model

ASQ

What is the Kano Model?

Open Resource
Product School

What is the Kano Model in Product Management?

Open Resource
ProductPlan

Kano Model

Open Resource

Impact/Effort Matrix

Product School

Impact Effort Matrix & How to Use One + Examples

Open Resource
monday.com

Impact Effort Matrix: How to Prioritize Projects + Template

Open Resource
Untools

Impact Effort Matrix

Open Resource

Other Frameworks (Story Mapping, Weighted Scoring)

ProductPlan

Story Mapping

Open Resource
NimbleWork

The Ultimate Guide to Agile User Story Mapping

Open Resource
CPO Club

What Is the Weighted Scoring Model and How Does it Work?

Open Resource
Userpilot

Weighted Scoring Model: What It is & How to Create It

Open Resource
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