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Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG basics)
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Accessibility is not an edge case; it is a core component of great design that ensures products are usable by people of all abilities. This module introduces the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the global standard for digital accessibility. We break down the four foundational principles—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR)—and explain conformance levels (A, AA, AAA). You’ll leave with a practical foundation for designing more inclusive products while reducing legal and business risk.
The Four Principles of WCAG (POUR)
WCAG is organized around four high-level principles that form the foundation for web accessibility. For a product to be accessible, content and functionality must be:
Perceivable
Users must be able to perceive the information being presented.
- Provide text alternatives for images.
- Offer captions/transcripts for multimedia.
- Ensure sufficient color contrast.
Operable
Users must be able to operate the interface.
- Make all functionality keyboard accessible.
- Give users enough time to read and use content.
- Avoid flashing content that may trigger seizures.
Understandable
Users must be able to understand the information and the UI.
- Write clear, simple language and helpful error messages.
- Keep pages and interactions predictable.
- Provide form guidance and validation hints.
Robust
Content must be robust enough for assistive technologies.
- Use semantic HTML and ARIA correctly.
- Ensure names/roles/states are exposed to AT.
Why Accessibility Matters
- Expands Market Reach: Inclusive products serve more people—including millions with disabilities.
- Enhances Brand & Trust: Signals a commitment to inclusion and social responsibility.
- Improves Overall UX: Captions, contrast, and clear structure help everyone (the “curb-cut effect”).
- Reduces Legal Risk: Aligning to WCAG helps mitigate accessibility-related lawsuits and compliance issues.
Resources
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